Is guilt ‘likely’ or ‘not certain’?

Is guilt 'likely' or 'not certain'? Contrast with previous probabilities determines choice of verbal terms.

This research focuses on what determines speakers' choice of positive and negative probability phrases (e.g., "a chance" vs. "not certain") in a legal context. We argue that choice of phrase to describe an event's probability of occurrence can be determined by the contrast between its current p value and an earlier p value, and not by that current value alone. Three experiments were conducted d...

More likely than not

The likelihood ratio method [BG96] provides a tool for the calculation of hedge ratios and risk parameters with Monte Carlo calculations. In this article, we present the extension of existing likelihood ratio methods to multiple underlyings and to higher order sensitivities such as the crossderivatives on the underlyings, and how the method can be used in a displaced diffusion [Rub83] framework...

SFS? Not likely…

SFS (Shape From Shading) theory is based upon the Lambertian paradigm. Our visual demonstrations imply that this paradigm fails to apply to the conventional stimuli used to probe vision.

Is dental caries a multifactorial disease? Likely not!

5 Dental caries is frequently defined as a “multifactorial disease” on the grounds that its onset involves carbohydrates, oral microorganisms, acids, salivary flow, fluoride, and the frequency of carbohydrates intake. However, there is extensive scientific evidence that free sugars are the primary necessary factor in the development of dental caries. After sugar consumption there is an increase...

is evaluation of hepatitis a immunity required or not?